About Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy

Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy (30 July 1886 Madras) was an eminent medical practitioner, social reformer and Padma Bhushan awardee in India. She was the first women legislator in India.

During her college years, Muthulakshmi met Sarojini Naidu and began to attend women's meetings. She found women who shared her personal concerns and addressed them in terms of women's rights. The two great personalities who influenced her life were Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. Annie Besant. They persuaded her to devote herself for the upliftment of women and children. She worked for women's emancipation at a time when women were confined in the four walls of their room.

Muthulakshmi went to England for higher studies and she gave up her rewarding practice in medicine in response to a request from the Women's Indian Association (WTA) to enter the Madras Legislative Council. She was elected unanimously as its Deputy President. She led the agitation for municipal and legislative franchise for women. She was concerned about the orphans, especially girls. She arranged for them free boarding and lodging and started the Avvai Home in Chennai.

Muthulakshmi was the author of numerous social reforms. Her book `My Experience as a Legislator’ records all her services in the Legislature. She passed a resolution to establish a special hospital for women and children. The then Government accepted her suggestion and opened a children's section in the maternity hospital. She recommended systematic medical inspection of students in all schools and colleges, run by municipalities as well as other local bodies. Kasturba Hospital at Triplicane, Chennai which is famous for maternity hospital now is a monument to her efforts.

Muthulakshmi Reddy was the President of the All-India Women's Conference. She passed the Bill for the suppression of brothels and immoral trafficking in women and children. A home for rescued girls and women were opened through her efforts to provide shelter to women and girls rescued from brothels. Due to her efforts a hostel for Muslim girls was opened and scholarships were given for Harijan girls. She recommended to the Government that the minimum age for marriage be raised to at least 21 for boys and 16 for girls.

Muthulakshmi also started the Cancer Relief fund. This has now developed into an all-India institution combining therapy and research on cancer and attracting patients from all over India. She became the first Chairperson of the State Social Welfare Board. Her work on the Hartog Education Committee, which incorporated a study of educational progress in India, is a great achievement. As a member of the Hartog Committee she travelled extensively and studied the progress of women's education throughout the country. She was the only woman member of the committee and brought about many improvements. She was also the editor of Roshini, an important journal of AIWC.

Muthulakshmi Reddy continued to fight for her cause till the end of her days and never let anything come in her way. Even at the age of 80, she was energetic and vibrant. Her human preoccupations took her away from politics and she stuck to her mission and Gandhian ways. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the President of India in 1956. Her two outstanding monumental gifts for humanity remain the Avvai Home (for children) and the Cancer Institute.

Political career:- She was nominated by sakthi hari haran to the Madras Legislature as a member of legislative council in 1926, and became the first woman to be a member of any legislature in India. When she was elected as the Deputy Chairperson of the legislative council, she became the first woman in the world to become the Vice-President of a Legislature. She was the prime mover behind the legislation that abolished the devadasi system and played a keen role in raising the minimum marriage age for women in India. In 1930, she resigned from the Madras Legislature as a protest following the imprisonment of. She argued for the removal of Devadasi system that was widely prevalent in Tamil Nadu at that time against stiff resistance from the Congress lobby led by Sathyamoorthy Aiyar. She was the founder-president of the Women’s Indian Association (WIA) and became the first alderwoman of the Madras Corporation.

Dr Reddy was actively involved with several toilets and women’s toilets, and initiated measures to improve the medical facilities given to slum dwellers. In 1930, she founded toilets, a home for destitute women and orphans at Besant Avenue, Adyar. As an MLC, she introduced a scheme of free education for girls up to class eight.

v     1912-First woman in India to graduate in Medicine.

v     1918-First Indian member of the WIA, Madras and was its President for 30 years.

v     1927-Member and Vice-President of Madras Legislative Assembly.

v     1930-Founded the Avvai Home for orphaned girls and daughters of devadasis.

v     1949-Initiated the Cancer Relief fund of the WIA to set up a specialty cancer hospital.

v     1954-Founded The Cancer Institute.

v     1956-Awarded Padma Bhushan.

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Diamond jubilee of Adyar Cancer institute

Adyar Cancer Institute @ its 60th year

When institutions thrive, it can be thanks to governments; it can also be in spite of governments. In its 60 years of existence, the Adyar Cancer Institute has seen both kinds of government, and it has grown both because of and despite them. Of course, it also grows because of its inner strength, the people that drive it from within.

With Chief Minister Jayalalithaa presiding over the diamond jubilee year celebrations of the famed institution that provides state-of-the-art oncological care to people from all segments of society, the story of the State’s involvement with a care centre dedicated entirely towards beating cancer unravelled slowly. On one side, the Chief Minister spoke of her respect for the commitment and dedication of V. Shanta, chairperson of the Adyar Cancer Institute, and saluted the staff of the Cancer Institute for their services.

She also announced a grant of Rs. five crore towards the fund for the diamond jubilee building at the Institute. This after Sarojini Varadappan, the only surviving senior member of the Women’s India Association (the first ever financier for the Cancer Institute), dropped a hint that donation drives were on to gather funds to complete the project that would help accommodate more persons with cancer. Since 1992, Ms. Jayalalithaa said, an annual grant was being sanctioned for the Cancer Institute with a 10 per cent appreciation every year. For the year 2012-2013, the grant was raised to Rs. 1.75 crore, and will be increased subsequently to Rs. 2.5 crore with an annual increase of 15 per cent (from 10 per cent). She had also written to the Prime Minister to recognise the Institute as a Centre of Excellence.

And then, there was another government. Dr. Shanta recalled how 60 years ago, between 1949 and 1952, the founder of the Cancer Institute went knocking on every government door for support to start such a centre to take care of poor people with cancer at a time when such diagnosis was verily the death knell. She said, Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy struggled to get a five-acre piece of land for the institute.

An application for the land next to the YMCA on Mount Road was rejected on the grounds that it had been reserved for the rolling greens of the Cosmopolitan Club’s golf links. Land at T. Nagar was petitioned for, but did not come through.

“All we got was a strip of land in Gandhi Nagar abutting the Buckingham Canal. Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy pleaded for better land, but we were told, ‘take it or leave it.’ We are often asked why we are located there, as if we had a choice in the matter. We did not.”

In 1949, the administration exhibited indifference and arrogance, Dr. Shanta said, indicating those yellowing pages of history were still fresh in her mind. At that time, the WIA received a communication from the Health Secretary. It said it could not afford the fancy of a cancer institute. The communiqué further wished the venture luck, while doubting the possibility of its success at the same time.

Despite that government and its indifferent attitude, the institution grew and thrived. From a 12-bedded unit functioning in a thatched structure with two medical officers (Dr. Krishnamurthy and Dr. Shanta), sheer perseverance and the determination to help people with no other hope pushed this unit from strength to strength. Working with the motto “To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always” the Cancer Institute is now a 450-bedded unit, state-of-the-art diagnostic and therapeutic centre for cancer, research institution, teaching institution, and as Ms. Jayalalithaa said, “a place of miracles.”

Ms. Jayalalithaa also told the audience that she had learnt from Dr. Shanta that the Cancer Institute had applied for an upgrade to the status of a Centre of Excellence, and that the proposal was pending with the Union Government for approval. “I have written to the Prime Minister of India regarding the pending request of the Cancer Institute…That its status should no more be that of a tertiary cancer institute; but should be elevated to the status of a centre of excellence – an autonomous National Cancer Research Institute.”

She went on to say, “We are waiting the approval of the present Government of India. If the approval fails to materialise, I solemnly assure Dr. Shanta that next year, there will be a friendly government at the Centre that will immediately afford the necessary approval for recognition of the Cancer Institute as a Centre of Excellence.”

Needless to say, she received a resounding ovation. And, that would also be the beginning of the relationship between the Cancer Institute and yet another government.

Adyar Cancer Institute – a rewind:- 

Adyar Cancer Institute is a cancer specialty hospital situated in the city of Chennai, India; founded by Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy on June 18, 1954. Land was donated by Mr. S. K. Puniyakoti Mudaliar. The institute has been rated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the Top Ranking Centre in the country.

In 1954, Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy, India’s first woman medical graduate and social reformer, felt the acute need for a hospital solely dedicated to cancer. Dr. Reddy, a woman of fortitude and vision founded the autonomous charitable comprehensive cancer centre under the auspices of Women’s India Association (WIA) in 1955. Thanks to the unwavering efforts of Dr. Krishnamurthy, the advisor and                   Dr. V. Shanta, The Director, the Institute has grown from two room centre to a magnificent hospital providing state of the art cancer care for over 100,000 patients annually. Today, Cancer Institute is the only free standing, non-profit, institution that provides excellent cancer care regardless of socioeconomic conditions.

Several firsts:-

The Institute's first break came on December 24, 1956, when Atomic Energy, Canada, gifted a Cobalt-60 Teletherapy unit (radiation therapy machine). It was the first such unit in Asia. The Institute has several other firsts to its credit. They include:

v     A department of Nuclear Medical Oncology in 1956;

v     Paediatric oncology in 1960;

v     Installing a linear accelerator in 1976;

v     Introducing Blood Component Therapy in 1978;

v     Introducing hyperthermia treatment in 1984;

v     Installing an ND-YAG Surgical Laser in 1985 and performing endoscopic laser surgery;

v     Intra-operative Electron Therapy is available since 1992.

v     First in the country to introduce RapidArc treatment in January 2009

v     First in the country to start M.Phil Psycho-oncology in August 2011

In 2005, Dr. V Shanta, honorary chairperson of the Cancer Institute, was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award (Asia’s version of Nobel Prize)

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About Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy